Second-parent adoption lets a non-gestational or non-biological parent become a legal parent without ending the other parent’s rights. It is often recommended even for married couples to create an enforceable parent-child relationship that is recognized across states and countries. The process uses standard Judicial Branch forms and may require background checks and consents, depending on circumstances. Completing a second-parent adoption can reduce future challenges at schools, medical offices, or during travel. It also provides clarity if a dispute arises or a family moves. The Colorado Judicial Branch provides instructions and the petition form for this process.