Stepparent adoption is when a spouse adopts their partner’s child and it uses procedures specific to stepparent cases. Second parent adoption allows a nonmarital partner to adopt without terminating the first parent’s rights, commonly used by LGBTQ+ families and others using assisted reproduction. Both processes have background check and filing requirements, but the packets and steps are different. The Judicial Branch publishes separate instructions and forms for stepparent adoption and second parent adoption. Which path you choose depends on marital status, existing parental rights, and your family’s goals. An attorney can help you pick the right option and prepare the correct filings.